Retractable leashes may be less confining for dogs than standard leashes, but they’re not without controversy. Potentially hazardous to both dogs and humans, retractable leashes require careful consideration.
Potential Dangers of Retractable Leashes
Retractable dog leashes typically extend from 16 to 26 feet, which makes it tough to keep a dog in close range and away from potentially dangerous situations like traffic, wildlife, and other dogs. “If you aren't right next to your dog, then drivers, bicyclists, and other dog owners may be less likely to spot them before it's too late,” says Janelle Metiva, a dog behavior specialist at Best Friends Lifesaving Center in Los Angeles. “Dogs greeting each other on retractable leashes may injure each other or themselves if the lines get wrapped around them.”
The handle can be awkward to hold, making it easier to lose your grip. “If you drop the handle, it makes a loud noise, and can cause your dog to run away from you,” says Dr. Terri Bright, director of Behavior Services at MSPCA-Angell in Boston.
Another issue, notes Bright, is that the leash can’t be easily shortened if a dog starts running. “For example, if your dog takes off running after a squirrel and you are watching the line spin out, you have to run faster than your squirrel-chasing dog to shorten the leash, or put your hands on the line, which is unsafe,” she says. “And how can you get control of your dog back if there is a dog fight?”
A retractable dog leash can also hamper training goals. “You lose all tactile communication with your dog and it's very hard for them to sense leash pressure if you'd like them to turn around or go a different way,” says Metiva.
It can also encourage unwanted behavior. “Sometimes when they pull they get more distance, which is very rewarding, encouraging them to try pulling more often in the future,” says Haylee Heisel, Dogtown behavior consultant at Best Friends Animal Society in Kanab, Utah.
Retractable leashes pose dangers to people, as well. Touching the quickly moving line can cause rope burn. Additionally, if the leash snaps, it can whip back and cause a facial injury.
When Are Retractable Leashes Recommended?
The use of a retractable dog leash may be appropriate in predictable situations. “For example, if you are out hiking and don't want to take your dog off leash, but also don't want to use a long line that can get tangled in bushes more easily,” says Heisel.
In remote, unpopulated areas, it may offer some benefits. “Dogs enjoy exploring their environment, being able to roam and follow their noses to interesting scents. Using one of these leashes, you can give your dog an ‘off-leash experience’ without having to compromise on safety,” says Jenny Dagnino, behavior manager at Arizona Humane Society in Phoenix.
The dog wearing the leash shouldn’t have behavioral issues, however. “A retractable leash might be a reasonable tool for someone with a well-behaved dog who responds to voice commands while out in a rural or country setting,” says Metiva. “If you were in a large field or meadow where you wanted your dog to be able to run and have a little more freedom, but not let them off leash completely, a retractable leash might be a viable option.”
Regardless of setting, retractable leashes are not suited for large dogs over 50 pounds, says Dr. Liz Stelow, chief of service of clinical behavior service at UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. “They can overpower both the lock and the owner’s grip on the handle if they pull suddenly.”
Retractable Dog Leash Safety Tips
If using a retractable leash, make frequent safety checks, recommends Stelow. Ensure that the leash locks in place and that it’s not chewed or worn. Retractable leashes should be used with a flat-buckle collar or back-attach harness, and should never be used with a choke chain or prong collar, she adds.
Heisel recommends keeping the locking mechanism on while walking in populated areas. “Allowing your dog to wander far into people's yards, too close to others walking their dogs, or riding bikes is frustrating and unsafe for everyone,” she says.
Be aware of your environment, and mindful of the leash laws in your region. “A retractable leash could potentially be breaking the law,” says Metiva. “If you're in an area with leash laws, they often require that dogs be on a lead that is six feet or less. Most retractable leashes extend far beyond this range.”