Keeping your dog’s teeth clean is an important part of his hygiene regimen. Brushing your dog’s teeth will prevent plaque build up that could eventually lead to gum disease, bad breath, and painful tooth root infections.
Timing
The key when it comes to brushing your dog’s teeth is to be able to create a set routine. To begin with, choose a time when your dog is relaxed and happy - you don’t want your dog to create stressful associations, because it will only get harder from there. Your dog is more likely to sit still after a good amount of exercise, so try and get a long walk beforehand.
Start small, and if your dog gets agitated, take a break. It’s ok if you're unable to brush the entire mouth the first few times. Things will most certainly get better as your dog gets used to it!
Materials
When brushing your dog’s teeth, always use a toothbrush made specifically for dogs. These brushes are angled especially for your dog’s mouth, and will be able to get below the gum line to keep the gums healthy. For smaller dogs, a toothbrush that fits over your finger will work well, but you will probably want to use a brush with a handle for larger dogs, so you can reach to the back of the mouth.
Always use toothpaste made especially for dogs when brushing your canine’s teeth. Ask your veterinarian which brand they recommend, but dog-specific toothpaste often comes in flavors like poultry or lamb, which your dog will find very appetizing. NEVER use human toothpaste with your dog. These toothpastes typically contain harmful substances, such as xylitol, that your dog won’t be able to digest properly and may end up having serious stomach issues. And since dogs can’t be taught to spit during tooth brushing, they will always ingest some toothpaste!
Prepare
When getting ready to brush your dog’s teeth, make sure both you and your dog are comfortable. Try getting your dog to sit, and kneel in front of him or off to the side. Trying to be above your dog or holding him down will only cause more anxiety for him, as these positions are perceived as less friendly. If your dog is visibly upset or anxious at any point, stop, and come back again later when he is calmer. With time, the goal is to make this an enjoyable process for both you and your dog.
Before starting to brush, use your fingers to press on your dog’s gums and teeth. This will get your dog used to having pressure on his mouth, and will allow you to see how comfortable he is. If he becomes anxious, stop and just repeat this process over several days until he feels comfortable. Remember to give treats to reward good behavior!
You can also test the toothpaste with your dog by letting him lick a bit off your finger. If your dog doesn’t lick the toothpaste off your finger after a few days, try a different flavor until you find one your dog likes.
Brush!
Once you have gotten your dog used to the toothpaste and having pressure on his teeth, you are ready to start brushing. Don’t get discouraged if it takes a few tries to get your dog used to brushing. Keep being patient and giving treats when your dog does well, it often takes a few days to get him comfortable with the process.
When brushing, lift your dog’s lips to expose the teeth and gums, then place the brush at a 45 degree angle to the teeth with the bristles pointing at the gums. Just like with your own teeth, brush in small circles to clear away the plaque. As you brush the gums, you may seem some slight bleeding. This is totally normal as you start to brush your dog’s teeth. However, if you see heavy bleeding, it either means you are brushing too vigorously, or it could be a sign of gum disease. Consult your veterinarian if this happens.
Brush a few teeth at a time, working up to as many as you can. Plaque consistently builds up on the outside of the canines and back teeth, so focus on these areas first. The insides of the teeth are kept much cleaner by your dog’s tongue, but you can also brush this part if your dog allow you to. Be sure to give your dog plenty of praise and encouragement during this process to reassure him.
Finally, keep in mind you should try to brush your teeth quite often, at least 3 times per week. If you are patient, it will eventually become great bonding time for you and your canine friend!