Dogs and cats experience a wide range of emotions. Science backs this up, but so does simple observation. Pets can feel happy when they’re about to engage in their favorite activity or embarrassed when they fall and land in an undignified heap. But what about depression? Let’s investigate whether pets get depressed and if so, what can be done about it.
What is Depression?
According to the American Psychiatric Association, “depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.” To be classified as depression, signs have to continue for at least two weeks. Other common symptoms, like a feeling of worthlessness, are not easily recognized in animals. This complicates the diagnosis of depression in pets. Therefore, many veterinarians will say that pets exhibit “depressive behaviors” rather than diagnosing them with depression itself. Common depressive behaviors in dogs and cats include:
- Acting withdrawn or excessively clingy
- Reduced interest in walks, playtime, etc.
- Changes in sleeping patterns
- Loss of appetite
- Reduced energy level
- Loss of potty training
- Over-grooming
- Increased shedding
What Causes Dog and Cat Depression?
Many situations can cause pets to act depressed. The trigger may be obvious, such as the recent death of a human family member or another pet in the home, but in reality anything that significantly alters a pet’s routine can result in a sad dog or cat. The kids going back to school, a move to a new home or pet parents who have to spend more time at work or who are ill can all result in dog or cat depression. A lack of physical exercise and mental stimulation can also make pets act like they are depressed.
It is important to keep in mind that medical problems often look a lot like depression in pets. Conditions ranging from pain to hypothyroidism to cancer all have symptoms similar to those seen with depression. Anxiety in cats and dogs, particularly if it is paired with punishment, may also be confused with depression. When pets feel like there is no way to escape their fear or pain, they can become passive and withdrawn.
Treating Depression in Pets
Pets who are depressed but otherwise healthy will usually respond to home treatment and the passage of time. To speed up their recovery, give your sad dog or cat extra attention. Brushing or petting sessions, playing with toys, hiding treats or catnip for them to find and rewarding positive behaviors can all help.
Encourage pets to engage in their favorite activities, but don’t force them to do anything they aren’t yet able to enjoy.
Make an appointment with your veterinarian if your pet has severe depression or if it is combined with worrisome symptoms like a loss of appetite, vomiting or diarrhea. The doctor can rule out any medical problems that may be to blame and discuss the short-term use of prescription antidepressants that can help pets recover their natural zest for life.